Gynaecological Problems and Conditions

As a woman, your body goes through a lot of changes during the course of your reproductive lifetime. And you can be sure that gynecologic health issues will arise from time to time. 

This segment will give you all the information about some of the most common Gynaecological issues you may encounter during your reproductive years.This segment will be helpful specially for those who are  experiencing  painful cramps, severe abdominal pain, or heavy and/or prolonged bleeding between periods or during intercourse, as they could be signs of a more serious women’s health issue.

Let us refresh our knowledge on common GYNECOLOGICAL PROBLEMS IN INDIAN WOMEN.

  • Heavy Menstrual Bleeding
  • Menstrual pain and irregularity
  • Pre-menstrual syndrome (PMS)
  • Bacterial Vaginosis
  • vaginal discharge
  • Vulva and urethral disorders
  • Routine papsmears and follow-up of abnormal smears.
  • Colposcopy
  • HPV vaccination
  • Ovarian cysts
  • Chronic Pelvic pain
  • Endometriosis
  • Uterine fibroids
  • Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS)
  • Acne and hirsutism
  • HRT (hormone replacement therapy)
  • Osteoporosis
  • Post-menopausal bleeding
  • Pelvic organ prolapse
  • Urinary incontinence
  • Recurrent urinary tract infection
  • Contraception – temporary and permanent
  • Mirena insertion
  • Implanon insertion
  • Essure sterilisation

MENSTRUAL DISORDERS

It is very common  Gynaecological disorder among all age groups and may present with wide range of symptoms:

1-Heavy or prolonged  menstrual bleeding

2-bleeding with intercourse

3- bleeding between periods

4-Short menstrual cycles.

 

Causes of Menstrual Disorders include:

1-Endometrial hyperplasia or cancer

2-Endometrial polyps

3-Endometriosis

4-Polycystic ovarian syndrome

5-Dysfunctional uterine bleeding (heavy or prolonged)

 

Treatment for menstrual disorders :

1-NSAIDS(Non-steroid anti-inflammatories)

2-Hormonal therapy like Oral contraceptive  Pills, vaginal ring or patch.

3-Progesterone  treatment like oral progestin and implant.

4-Progesterone intrauterine devices (IUDs)

 

Surgical options are available to patients with menstrual disorders, and often include minimally invasive procedures with short recovery times like:

1-Endometrial ablation

2-Hysterectomy

3-Hysteroscopy

4-Uterine fibroid embolization

Depending on the age of the patient, menstrual cycle condition and the severity, your doctor will advise medical and/or surgical intervention methods.

For more information or to schedule an appointment, Please Call 9360904942.

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CERVICAL DYSPEPSIA-

  • Cervical dysplasia is a precancerous condition of the cervix, caused by the human papillomavirus (HPV). Cervical dysplasia is generally producing no symptoms; therefore, it is important to see your OB-GYN for an annual exam.

Diagnosis of CIN-

[1]PAP TEST-

  • Pap smear, also called a Pap test, is a procedure to test for cervical cancer in women.
  • A Pap smear involves collecting cells from your cervix — the lower, narrow end of your uterus that’s at the top of your vagina.
  • Detecting cervical cancer early with a Pap smear gives you a greater chance at a cure. A Pap smear can also detect changes in your cervical cells that suggest cancer may develop in the future.
  • Detecting these abnormal cells early with a Pap smear is your first step in halting the possible development of cervical cancer.

 

[1] COLPOSCOPY-

It is done in case of abnormal pap smear to examine the cervix for abnormal cell activity(Dysplasia).

  • colposcopy is done  using a special magnifying instrument (colposcope) to examine the tissues of the cervix, vagina and vulva.

 

[1]CERVICAL BIOPSY-

  • Your doctor also may take a tissue sample (biopsy) from any areas that appear abnormal in colposcopy. The tissue sample is then sent to a laboratory for analysis and a definitive diagnosis.

 

Treatment for cervical dysplasia-

  •   MILD CERVICAL DYSPLASIA- only regular  follow up with  pap smears can monitor cell behavior and alert your doctor  if the condition becomes more serious and requires treatment.
  •   MODERATE/SEVERE CERVICAL DYSPLASIA- a Loop Electrosurgical Excision Procedure (LEEP) to biopsy the cervical tissue may be recommended.

HPV VACCINE-

Patients ages nine to 26 can receive an HPV vaccine to protect against the four most common strains of the virus. The recommended age is between nine and 11 before your child becomes sexually active.

VAGINAL  INFECTION/DISCHARGE-

  • Vaginal infections and vaginitis, or inflammation of the vagina are very common.Burning & itching, and an unpleasant odor are just some of the common symptoms of vaginal infection
  • The symptoms of vaginal infections will also vary based on the cause of your infection:

1-BACTERIAL INFECTIONS- typically cause grayish-white or yellow discharge. This discharge may have a fish-like odor that’s easily noticed after sex.

2-YEAST INFECTIONS- typically produce itching. If discharge is present, it may be thick and white and look like cottage cheese.

3-TRICHOMONIASIS- is a condition that can produce vaginal itching and odor. Discharge from this infection is typically greenish-yellow and may be frothy.

4-BACTERIAL VAGINOSIS- is a  dysbiosis condition and causes Offensive   fishy smelling vaginal   discharge and surprisingly not associated   with soreness, itching or irritation .Therefore about  50% women   are asymptomatic

you should make an appointment to see your doctor if you:

  • have never had a vaginal infection before
  • have had a vaginal infection but are experiencing new symptoms
  • have had different or new sexual partners
  • develop a fever
  • believe you may be pregnant
  • have symptoms that return after treatment

Treatment of vaginal Infection-Depending upon the caustive agent of the vaginal Infection ,your doctor may prescribe you any of these medications-

  • Proper vaginal hygiene can prevent Infection.
  • Metronidazole tablets, cream, or gel and Clindamycin cream or gel may be prescribed for a bacterial infection and Bacterial Vaginosis.
  • Antifungal creams or suppositories may be prescribed for a yeast infection.
  • Metronidazole or tinidazole tablets may be prescribed for trichomoniasis.
  • Estrogen creams or tablets may be prescribed for vaginal atrophy.

For more information or to schedule an appointment, please call  9369904942.

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CPP(Chronic Pelvic Pain)-

  • Chronic Pelvic pain is a  pain in lower abdomen of the female which is long-lasting that is it had lasted  for at least 6 months, and it’s not related to pregnancy.
  • Pain in some women may be   mild that comes and goes but  In others, the pain is so  severe that  it compromises quality of life  and  makes it hard to sleep, work, or enjoy life.

[1]Some common causes include:

Problems of the reproductive system, such as:

  • Endometriosis.
  • Adenomyosis.
  • Uterine fibroids.
  • Scar tissue (adhesions) in the pelvic area
  • previous pelvic  infection or surgery.
  • Irritable bowel syndrome.
  • Chronic bladder irritation.

TREATMENT-

 BIRTH CONTROL PILLS OR HORMONE Treatment for problems related to your periods.

  • Surgery to remove a growth, cyst, or tumor.
  • Medicine to treat the problem, such as an antibiotic for infection or medicine for irritable bowel syndrome.
  • Pain relievers called NSAIDs
  • Tricyclic antidepressant medicine or anticonvulsants, which can help with pain and with depression.
  • Cognitive-behavioral therapy or biofeedback, to help you change the way you think about or react to pain.
  • Counseling to give you emotional support.

If your doctor can find what’s causing the pain, treating the cause may make the pain go away. If no cause is found, your doctor can help you find ways to ease the pain and get back your quality of life.

For more information or to schedule an appointment, please call  9369904942.

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 UTERINE FIBROIDS –

  • Fibroids are very common in women in their 30s and 40s.  Fibroids are the non-cancerous growths in the uterus that can develop during a woman’s childbearing years.But fibroids are generally asymptomatic that is many women never even know they have them.Uterine fibroids are lumps that grow on your uterus.
  • Symptoms  of fibroids are:

1-Heavy bleeding during your periods

2-Long, gushing periods and cramping.

3-Fullness or pressure in their belly.

4-Low back pain.

5-Pain during sex.

6-An urge to urinate often.

7-contipation.

How are they treated?

  • If your fibroids are not bothering you, you do not need to do anything about them just routine check-up with ultrasound for monitoring.
  • Supportive care and correction of anemia.
  • Devices like Progestin IUD
  • Medications like Birth control, Hormone and Sex hormone suppression.
  • Surgery like Hysterectomy, Uterine myomectomy and Laparoscopic surgery
  • Medical procedure like Ablation, Uterine artery embolization and Endometrial ablation.

For more information or to schedule an appointment, please call  9369904942.

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 PELVIC ORGAN PROLAPSE-

  • Pelvic organ prolapse occurs when a pelvic organ like Bladder,Urethra ,Uterus ,Vagina ,Small bowel  or Rectum  drops (prolapses) from its normal place in your lower belly and pushes against the walls of your vagina. This can happen when the muscles that hold your pelvic organs in place get weak or stretched from childbirth or surgery.

Cause Of Pelvic Organ Prolapse-

1-Pelvic organ prolapse is most often linked to strain during childbirth.

2-overweight (obesity).

3-A long-lasting cough.

4-Frequent constipation.

5-Pelvic organ tumors.

6-Older/ postmenopausal women

SYMPTOMS OF POP:

1-Feeling pressure from pelvic organs pressing against the vaginal wall. This is the most common symptom.

2-Heaviness in lower abdomen.

3-Feeling as if something is falling out of your vagina.

4-Feeling a pull or stretch in your groin area or pain in your lower back.

5-Releasing urine without meaning to (incontinence), or needing to urinate a lot.

6-Having pain in your vagina during sex.

6-Having problems with your bowels, such as constipation.

Treatment-

1- Kegels exercises-

If your symptoms are mild, You can relieve many of your symptoms by adopting new, healthy habits. Try special exercises (called Kegels) that make your pelvic muscles stronger.. Avoid lifting heavy things that put stress on your pelvic muscles.

2-Vaginal pessary-

pessary  help with the pain and pressure of pelvic organ prolapse. It is a removable device that you put in your vagina. It helps hold the pelvic organs in place.

3- surgery for pelvic organ prolapse:

surgery for pelvic organ prolapse include:

  • Repair of the bladder (CYSTOCELE) or urethra (URETHROCELE).
  • Removal of the uterus (HYSTERECTOMY).
  • Repair of the rectum (RECTOCELE) or small bowel (ENTEROCELE).
  • Repair of the vaginal wall (VAGINAL VAULT SUSPENSION).
  • Closure of the vagina (vaginal obliteration).

For more information or to schedule an appointment, please call  9369904942.

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